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Oilfield Cementing
Yazvino Yekushandisa Mamiriro ezvakanaka Cementing Chemicals
Makemikari ekusimbisa simende anoita basa rakakosha mukuvaka matsime eoiri negasi. Cement slurries, inova chikamu chakakosha mukusimbisa simende, inogadzirwa nemakemikari akasiyana siyana kuti asangane nezvinodiwa zveinjiniya zvakasiyana. Madispersants anoshandiswa kunatsiridza kuyerera kwesement slurries, kuita kuti zvive nyore kupomba mutsime. Makemikari aya anodzivirira simenti zvidimbu kubva pakuungana, zvichibvumira musanganiswa wakawanda. Semuenzaniso, mune yakadzika - yegungwa mafuta uye gasi matsime, uko kwakakwira - kudzvanywa uye kuderera - tembiricha mamiriro anotonga, akasarudzika dipersants akagadzirirwa kuchengetedza pumpability ye simende slurry mumamiriro ezvinhu akanyanya.
Retarders imwe yakakosha mhando yetsime simende makemikari. Murefu - chinhambwe tsime - simende mashandiro kana mumatsime ane yakakwira pasi - mugomba tembiricha, retarders inowedzerwa kune simende slurry kudzora nguva yekumisikidza. Izvi zvakakosha nekuti zvinopa nguva yakakwana yekuti slurry iiswe zvakanaka mutsime risati raoma. Mune mamwe matsime egeothermal, umo tembiricha inogona kusvika mazana akati wandei madhigirii celsius, yakakwirira -tembiricha - isingadziviriri retarders inoshandiswa kuve nechokwadi chekuti simendi inoramba iri munzvimbo inoshanda panguva yekupomba.
Mukuvaka tsime regeothermal, makemikari ekusimbisa simende anotarisana nematambudziko akasiyana nekuda kwepamusoro-tembiricha uye nharaunda inoora. Simende inoshandiswa mumatsime egeothermal inoda kuve nemhando yepamusoro yekupisa uye kugadzikana kwemakemikari. Special additives inosanganisirwa mukugadzira simende kuti iwedzere kuita kwayo. Semuenzaniso, silica fume inowanzowedzerwa kune simende slurries yegeothermal matsime. Silica fume inopindirana ne calcium hydroxide mu simenti matrix pakupisa kwepamusoro, ichigadzira imwe calcium - silicate - hydrate gel, inovandudza kusimba uye kusimba kwe simenti pane tembiricha dzakakwirira.
Corrosion inhibitors yakakoshawo mukugadzira geothermal simende. Zvinwiwa zvinopisa, zvine acidic mumadhirimu egeothermal zvinogona kukanganisa zvakanyanya sheath yesamende. Mishonga yakadai seorganic amines uye phosphates inowedzerwa kune simenti slurry kuti iite firimu rinodzivirira pamusoro pesimende, kudzivirira kana kuderedza chiyero chekuora. Izvi zvinobatsira kuchengetedza kutendeseka kwetsime uye kuve nechokwadi chekushanda kwenguva refu kwechitsime chegeothermal.
Kumatsime emvura, basa guru rematsime simende makemikari ndere kuona kuparadzaniswa kwemvura yakasiyana-siyana uye kudzivirira kusvibiswa kwemvura. Sealants anoshandiswa kugadzira chisimbiso chakasimba pakati petsime uye akatenderedza matombo maumbirwo. Mune zvimwe zviitiko, bentonite - based sealants inoshandiswa. Bentonite inoputika kana ikasangana nemvura, ichizadza chero mapeji kana kuputsika mumadziro emutsime uye kupa chisimbiso chinoshanda. Izvi zvinonyanya kukosha mumvura - matsime ekupa, uko kuchengetedza kunaka kwemvura kunonyanya kukosha.
Matambudziko Aripo Mukushandiswa Kwemakemikari Anosimbisa Nzvimbo Yemvura 1. Zvinonetsa Nezvezvakatipoteredza
Mazhinji echinyakare cementing makemikoro ane heavy metal kana zvimwe zvinokuvadza zvakatipoteredza. Semuenzaniso, mamwe ma retarders uye accelerator anogona kunge aine chromium, inova ine chepfu heavy metal. Kana makemikari aya aburitswa panguva yekusimbisa simende kana pamusoro pehupenyu hwetsime, anogona kusvibisa ivhu nemvura. Nekusimbisa kuri kuwedzera kwekuchengetedzwa kwezvakatipoteredza, pane kudiwa kuri kukura kwekugadzira makemikari anosimbisa cementing ane ushamwari nemhoteredzo.
2. High - Temperature uye High - Pressure Conditions
Sezvo kuongororwa kweoiri, gasi, uye geothermal zviwanikwa zvichienda kwakadzika uye kwakaoma kuumbwa kwe geological, iyo tsime - simende maitiro anofanirwa kumira zvakanyanya zvakanyanya - tembiricha uye yakakwirira-kumanikidza mamiriro. Aripo zvakanaka - makemikoro esimende anogona kusakwanisa kuchengetedza kushanda kwawo pasi penzvimbo dzakaoma kudaro. Kugadzira makemikari anogona kushanda zvakanaka mukupisa kunopfuura 200 ° C uye kumanikidza pamusoro pe100 MPa kunoramba kuri dambudziko rakakura.
3. Kuenderana Nyaya
Mune zvimwe zviitiko, zvakasiyana-siyana-kusimbisa makemikari makemikari anogona kunge asina kunyatsoenderana nemumwe. Semuyenzaniso, mamwe ma dispersants anogona kuita nemaretarders nenzira isingatarisirwi, zvichitungamira kune shanduko mune rheological properties ye simenti slurry kana kutoti nguva isati yakwana. Kuve nechokwadi chekuenderana kwemakemikari akasiyana-siyana mune yakaoma simende - slurry masisitimu kwakakosha pakubudirira kwekuita simende mashandiro.
Matarisiro ekuvandudza e Well Cementing Chemicals
1. Green uye Sustainable Makemikari
Mune ramangwana, pachava nekutarisisa kukuru pakugadzira makemikari ekusimbisa midziyo yemagetsi anochengetedza nharaunda uye anogara kwenguva refu. Izvi zvinosanganisira kushandiswa kwemapolymers anogona kuora sezvinhu zvinowedzerwa mumidziyo yesimbi yesimbi. Semuenzaniso, vamwe vaongorori vari kuongorora kushandiswa kwemapolymers echisikigo akadai sechitosan mumidziyo yesimbi yesimbi. Chitosan inogona kuora, haina chepfu, uye ine hunhu hwakanaka hwekuumba firimu, izvo zvinogona kuvandudza mashandiro esimbi yesimbi yesimbi pasina kukonzera kusvibiswa kwenharaunda.
2. Nanotechnology - Inogoneswa Kemikari
Nanotechnology inopa mukana wakakura wekuvandudza mashandiro emakemikari anosimbisa simende. Nanoparticles inogona kuwedzerwa kune simende slurries kuti iwedzere maitiro avo emagetsi, akadai sesimba uye kuoma. Semuyenzaniso, nanosilica zvimedu zvinogona kuzadza diki - pores mune simende matrix, ichidzikisa kupenya kwayo uye nekuvandudza kupikisa kwayo kunzvimbo dzakaoma. Uye zvakare, nanoparticles inogona kuve inoshanda kuti iite chaiwo mabasa, akadai seanozviporesa zvivakwa mune simende sheath. Kana mutswe ukaita simende nekuda kwekushushikana kwekunze, iyo nanoparticles inoshanda inogona kuburitsa maajenti ekuporesa kuti agadzirise mutswe, kuve nechokwadi chekugara kwenguva refu kwechitsime.
3. Smart Chemical Systems
Kuvandudzwa kweakangwara zvakanaka - simende masisitimu emakemikari ndeimwe nzira inovimbisa. Aya masisitimu anogona kupindura kune shanduko munharaunda yetsime, senge tembiricha, kudzvanywa, uye kuumbwa kwemakemikari. Semuyenzaniso, kuzvigadzirisa simende - slurry masisitimu anogona kugadzirwa kuti achinje yavo yekumisikidza nguva kana rheological zvimiro mukupindura kusiyanisa kwekushisa kwedownhole. Izvi zvinogona kukwidziridza tsime-simende maitiro uye kuvandudza kunaka kwesimende sheath, kunyanya mune yakaoma geological maumbirwo.
Mukupedzisa, makemikari ekusimbisa simende anoshandiswa zvakanyanya munzvimbo dzakasiyana-siyana dzekuvaka, asi ivo vanosangana nematambudziko akati wandei. Nekudaro, nekuenderera mberi kwekuvandudza tekinoroji, remangwana remakemikari ekusimbisa zvakanaka rinotaridzika kuvimbisa, nekutarisa kushamwaridzana kwezvakatipoteredza, kukwirira-kuita pasi pemamiriro akanyanya, uye kuvandudzwa kweakangwara uye yepamusoro makemikari masisitimu.
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